List of Figures
Foreword
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Editor’s Note
Introduction
PART 1. HOW CIVIL RIGHTS LAWYERS EMERGED
1. Children of the South
The Making of a Lawyer
Fred Gray
How I Became a Civil Rights Lawyer
Barbara Phillips
From Gardendale, Alabama
Jack Drake
Growing Up in Winnsboro, South Carolina
Laughlin McDonald
Growing Up in Bama
Larry Menefee
2. Children of the North
Growing Up in the Shadow of the Holocaust
Armand Derfner
Growing Up on the Gold Coast
John C. Brittain
Race Consciousness
David Lipman
Why Did I Go?
Mac Farmer
Growing Up in Washington, D.C.
Kent Spriggs
PART 2. THE CONTEXT OF CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION
3. Big Events
Selma Once More: The 1965 Selma March
Fred Gray
The First Damages Judgment against the KKK
Larry Aschenbrenner
The 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago: White Mississippi Delegation Barred
Larry Aschenbrenner and Armand Derfner
Senator McClellan Seeks to Prove SNCC Is Communist
Reber Boult
Miscegenation Comes to Mississippi
Armand Derfner
The Full Court Press for Voting Rights in Alabama
Norman Siegel
Mississippi Seeks to Ban the Civil Rights Lawyers
Larry Aschenbrenner
4. The Tenor of the Times
Mass Meetings, Demonstrations, and Boycotts
Larry Aschenbrenner
Being Married to a Civil Rights Lawyer
Barbara Lipman
From Civil Rights Worker to Civil Rights Lawyer
Jim Lewis
C. B. King, Iconic Civil Rights Lawyer
Dennis Roberts
Seeking Justice for a Blind Black Man in Front of Judge Cox
Bill Ferguson
“Summer Vacation” in Mississippi
Kent Spriggs
Get a Bullet in Your Car at the Law Library
Larry Aschenbrenner
The Politics of Civil Rights Lawyering
Henry Aronson
The Rev. C. K. Steele and Racism in Tallahassee
Kent Spriggs
Mississippi Notes
Elliott C. Lichtman
Opening Up the Closed Society
Armand Derfner
5. Arrests of Lawyers (and Other “Minor Indignities”)
Two Arrests While Practicing Law in Mississippi
John C. Brittain
Doing a Little Time in Holly Springs
Armand Derfner
Elements of Procedure I Missed at Harvard Law School
Mac Farmer
Two Arrests, a Beating, and a Moment of Weakness
Kent Spriggs
Arrested by Leander Perez Sr.
Richard Sobol
Getting Punched by Sheriff Clark and Other Misadventures
Henry Aronson
Get a Rifle Barrel in the Mouth for Monitoring an Election in Belzoni
David Lipman
A Very Bad Morning in Rankin County
Constance Slaughter-Harvey
6. Modes of Law Practice
538 ½: The Legal Defense Fund Office in Mississippi
Fred Banks
Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee in Louisiana
Richard Sobol
Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee in Mississippi
Mac Farmer
It Changed My Life: Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee in Mississippi
Armand Derfner
The Formation of the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law
Larry Aschenbrenner
Private Practice in Alabama
Larry Menefee
Nonprofit and Private Practice in Alabama
Jack Drake
PART 3. BASIC LEGAL RIGHTS
7. Access to Justice
The Friendly Judicial Climate
Armand Derfner
8. Voting Rights and Political Representation
Voting Shenanigans in Madison Parish
Richard Sobol
Civil Rights Lawyers Emerge into Politics
Fred Banks
Voting Rights in Edgefield County
Laughlin McDonald
Challenging At-Large Elections
Larry Menefee
Mississippi Pushes Back against the Voting Rights Act
Larry Aschenbrenner
Voting in Leflore County
David Lipman
9. Public Accommodations
Solomon Seay Seeks Public Accommodation
Solomon Seay
Desegregating the Neshoba County Courthouse
Don Marmaduke
Integrating the Fox Theater
Richard Tuttle
Trying to Get Service at Bill’s Highway 80 24-Hour Truck Stop
Richard Sobol
Integrating the Admiral Benbow Inn Swimming Pool
Larry Aschenbrenner
Desegregating the Parliament House Hotel
Henry Aronson
10. School Desegregation and Municipal Equalization
Ulysses S. Grant’s Legacy
John Maxey
School Desegregation and Municipal Equalization
David Lipman
The Legal Defense Fund’s Massive Effort
Fred Banks
Desegregating Schools in Northern Mississippi
Kent Spriggs
11. Employment Discrimination
Crown Zellerbach Becomes the Standard
Richard Sobol
The Perfectly Segregated Plant in the Perfectly Segregated Town
Kent Spriggs
Monsanto: Fair Employment Comes to a Megaplant
Kent Spriggs
PART 4. HOW THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND LITIGATION ADVANCED OTHER MOVEMENTS FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE
12. Constitutional Race-Based Litigation and the Friendly Judicial Climate Lead to Other Areas of Constitutional Litigation
The Constitution Comes to the State Residential Hospitals
Jack Drake
The Rule of Law Comes to Infamous Parchman Prison
David Lipman
13. How the Civil Rights Movement and Litigation Informed Other Movements for Social Justice
The Legacy of Other Social Justice Movements
Barbara Phillips
Civil Rights in Mississippi Informs LGBT Concerns
Mac Farmer
14. Framing the Contemporary Dialogue of Race
The Trojan Horse Called “Diversity”
Barbara Phillips
White Supremacy Lives
Larry Menefee
Conclusion
About the Editor
List of Contributors
Index
